Reply to Goodman

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Notes

1. Of course, the correct statement of the higher-order essentialist claims involves quantification into predicate position; for corresponding essentialist claims involving quantification into sentence position, see the discussion of the modal logic of dynamical systems in Williamson (2016a). Incidentally, for present purposes we must understand anti-essentialism as denying the relevant intensional claims that something necessarily has the given property, not just the stronger corresponding hyperintensional claims that it essentially has the property, since the latter denials without the former are too weak to engage the floating free argument, which targets modal differences.