Observations on the anatomy of the reproductive organs of cows

Abstract

Extract

Palpation per rectum of the internal genitalia of cows is commonly practised in the clinical determination of pregnancy and in assessment of the functional and structural status of these organs in non-pregnant animals. This method of examination can yield valuable data when performed by an experienced person, and, whilst the accuracy of the observations might be difficult to criticize, interpretation of observations is frequently less reliable. Although procedures involving clinical examination of the reproductive organs of cows per rectum are frequently recorded in the literature, there are few references to normal standards against which the results of these examinations can be compared.