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Abstract
The carbohydrate and glucose metabolism is briefly discussed. A review is given of the aetiology of the different types of ketosis in ruminants with the emphasis on the cow. Clinical ketosis in non-lactating pregnant animals is highlighted in a study of 20 cases, 16 in-calf heifers and four three-year-old cows.
Fourteen animals had primary clinical ketosis thought to be mainly due to underfeeding. Six animals had secondary clinical ketosis and were suffering from accompanying primary diseases.
Treatment and possible causative factors are discussed. The introduction of heifers into mobs of older cows together with the change from free grazing to being break fed seems to be a major cause of underfeeding and stress.