Neuroleptic treatment of red deer calves at weaning

Abstract

Aims. To determine whether neuroleptic drugs could be useful in reducing weaning stress in red deer, two groups of 30 calves were studied following separation from their dams for weaning at 3–4 months of age.

Methods. Within each group, on the day of separation (Day 0), 15 calves were given 0.2 mg/kg haloperidol (a short-acting neuroleptic) and 1 mg/kg perphenazine enanthate (a long-acting neuroleptic) by intramuscular injection (the treated calves) and 15 calves were given a 3 ml intramuscular injection of saline (the control calves). The calves were weighed on Days 0, 14 and 28 and the behaviour of eight individuals (four treated and four control calves) within each group was observed for 2 hours on Days 0, 1,2, 3, 7, 8, 14 and 15.

Results. No significant effect of the treatment on weight gain to Days 14 or 28 was observed (mean increases for treated and control calves to Day 14 were 3.4 kg and 3.5 kg, respectively (s.e.d. 0.26 kg), and 6.0 kg for both treatments to Day 28 (s.e.d. 0.36)). Behavioural variables (standing, grazing, moving, fenceline pacing, proximity to other deer and proximity to the fenceline) did not differ significantly between treatments, but in one group sitting in sternal recumbency was lower in treated calves compared with control calves (p < 0.05). Disturbed behaviour declined over the observation days with fenceline pacing, being within 2 m of a fence, and being within 1 m of another deer decreasing, and sitting and grazing both increasing (p < 0.01).

Conclusions and clinical relevance. It was concluded that we could not provide evidence from the present study that treatment with haloperidol and perphenazine enanthate at these dose rates was beneficial in reducing weaning stress in red deer calves.

KEY WORDS:

• Red deer
• farming
• weaning
• stress
• neuroleptic
• treatment