Effect of the age of rams on reproductive performance of ewe hoggets

Abstract

AIM: To determine the effect of the age of rams, used at a standardised ram-to-ewe ratio, on the breeding performance and pregnancy rate of ewe hoggets.

METHODS: Ewe hoggets (½ Romney × ¼ Texel × ¼ Finnish Landrace; n=582) aged 7–8 months were exposed to nine two-tooth, harnessed, vasectomised teaser rams for a period of 17 days (Days 1–17). The ewe hoggets were then weighed and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (on Day 18) and joined with either four ram hoggets not used previously (n=194), four two-tooth rams not used previously (n=196), or four mixed-age mature rams (n=192) that had been used previously to mate mature ewes immediately before breeding with the ewe hoggets. The breeding period was 34 days. Ewe hoggets were identified as having been mated during the first 17 days only, during both 17-day periods, during the second 17 days only, or not mated. All ewe hoggets were scanned for pregnancy using ultrasound, 54 days after the end of the breeding period.

RESULTS: Liveweights of ewe hoggets did not differ between treatment groups. More ewe hoggets were mated by the mature rams in the first 17 days than by either ram hoggets or two-tooth rams (p<0.05). However, more of the ewe hoggets mated by mature rams returned to service (failed to conceive), and the percentage of ewe hoggets bred in the first 17 days only or pregnant from a service in the first 17 days did not differ significantly between groups. Fewer of the ewe hoggets joined with ram hoggets were diagnosed as pregnant after 34 days of breeding compared with those joined with either two-tooth or mature rams (p<0.05), as more ewe hoggets failed to be mated at all by ram hoggets compared with those joined with mature rams (p<0.05). There was also a tendency for more ewe hoggets joined with ram hoggets not to be mated at all compared with those joined with two-tooth rams (p=0.07).

CONCLUSIONS: Two-tooth rams previously unused and mature rams previously used for mating were a better option than unused ram hoggets to maximise the pregnancy rate of ewe hoggets to a 34-day breeding period. However, further work is required as it was unclear why lower conception rates were observed in ewe hoggets joined with mature rams which had been used previously. As a result, the advantage of using mature rams may have been underestimated.

KEY WORDS:

• Breeding performance
• conception rate
• pregnancy rate
• ewe hogget
• ewe lamb
• ram
• ram age

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the funding provided by Massey University, the C Alma Baker Trust, and Meat & Wool New Zealand.