Developing a systematic strategy incorporating ethical, animal welfare and practical principles to guide the genetic improvement of dairy cattle

Abstract

People have complex and diverse relationships and interactions with, and expectations of, animals; relationships which are very important. In making sense of this complexity, we draw on our values. The objective of this study was to reflect upon, develop and articulate key values guiding the genetic improvement of dairy cattle.

Animal husbandry is guided by the philosophy that while animals serve our needs, we must ensure that their needs are met, and any compromises to those needs justified and minimised. In applying modern technology to the genetic improvement of animals, this philosophy should be enacted through consideration of all the broader goals of agriculture, and the ecology and biology of the farming system. It should also be informed by the differing perspectives of interested parties, including stock handlers, veterinarians, animal welfare groups, consumers, and the public. Monitoring the consequences of technology applications, managing and avoiding any harms, and considering the future of animals and ourselves, should also be part of decisionmaking in this area.

Transparent consideration of these principles will help to ensure that any compromises to animal welfare resulting from trait selection are both reasonable and necessary, and that any harms are minimised, thereby helping to safeguard continuation of the important contribution that animal agriculture, and in particular the dairy sector, makes to society.

KEY WORDS:

• Animal welfare
• breeding
• dairy farming
• ethical principles
• farm animals
• livestock improvement
• selection

Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to the LIC, Hamilton, New Zealand, for the importance they attach to the values in their industry, and their wish as a company to formally address and support the issues their staff regularly consider as individuals. Thanks are especially due to David Olsen, Lindsay Burton, Gill Brennan, Ted Coats, Janneke van Wagtendonk, and other LIC staff and its National Council and Board members who have contributed with their support and helpful advice over the 3-year duration of the project.