LC-MS-MS analysis of 2-pyridylacetic acid, a major metabolite of betahistine: application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers

Abstract

1. A sensitive liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric assay was developed and validated to determine the major metabolite of betahistine, 2-pyridylacetic acid, in human plasma.

2. The analyte was extracted from plasma samples by liquid–liquid extraction and analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization interface. The method has a lower limit of quantitation of 1 ng ml⁻¹ for a 0.5-ml plasma aliquot. The intra- and interday precision (relative standard deviation), calculated from quality control (QC) samples, was less than 10%. Accuracy as determined from QC samples was within ±7%.

3. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of betahistine in healthy volunteers. After oral administration of a single dose of 24 mg betahistine mesylate to 20 healthy Chinese male volunteers, C_max was 339.4 ng ml⁻¹ (range 77.3–776.4 ng ml⁻¹). The t_1/2 was 5.2 h (range 2.0⁻¹−11.4 h). The AUC_0−t obtained was 1153.5 ng ml⁻¹ h (range 278.5–3150.8 ng ml⁻¹ h). The disposition of the metabolite exhibited a marked interindividual variation.

4. The plasma concentrations of the parent drug were less than 0.5 ng ml⁻¹, suggesting that it undergoes almost complete first-pass metabolism. The reported two active metabolites were not detected in the plasma of any volunteer. Although there is no evidence that the major metabolite has pharmacological activity, the clinical importance of 2-pyridylacetic acid in humans should be reinvestigated.