In vitro metabolism of alectinib, a novel potent ALK inhibitor, in human: contribution of CYP3A enzymes

Abstract

1. The in vitro metabolism of alectinib, a potent and highly selective oral anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor, was investigated.

2. The main metabolite (M4) in primary human hepatocytes was identified, which is produced by deethylation at the morpholine ring. Three minor metabolites (M6, M1a, and M1b) were also identified, and a minor peak of hydroxylated alectinib (M5) was detected as a possible precursor of M4, M1a, and M1b.

3. M4, an important active major metabolite, was produced and further metabolized to M6 by CYP3A, indicating that CYP3A enzymes were the principal contributors to this route. M5 is possibly produced by CYP3A and other isoforms as the primary step in metabolism, followed by oxidation to M4 mainly by CYP3A. Alternatively, M5 could be oxidized to M1a and M1b via an NAD-dependent process. None of the non-CYP3A-mediated metabolism appeared to be major.

4. In conclusion, this study suggests that involvement of multiple enzymes in the metabolism of alectinib reduces its potential for drug–drug interactions.

Keywords:

• Alectinib
• cancer
• cytochrome P450
• hepatocytes
• liver microsomes
• metabolic pathway

Declaration of interest

No potential conflicts of interest are disclosed.

Supplementary material available online