Time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of CYP1A2 by a CYP3A4-mediated reactive metabolite: proposal for a novel mechanism of irreversible TDI by a non-suicide substrate

Abstract

1. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of DSP-1053 time-dependent inhibition (TDI) for CYP1A2.

2. DSP-1053 inhibited time- and concentration-dependently CYP1A2 activity in human liver microsomes even in a dilution assay. However, DSP-1053 was not metabolized by recombinant human CYP1A2. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of DSP-1053 on CYP1A2 does not follow a general mechanism-based inhibition (MBI) because it did not seem to be a suicide substrate.

3. In fact, CYP1A2 was not inhibited with DSP-1053 pre-incubation in recombinant human CYP1A2. On the other hand, CYP1A2 was potently inhibited after pre-incubation with DSP-1053 in a mixture of human recombinant CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. In addition, DSP-1053 TDI of CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes was drastically reduced not only by addition of a CYP3A4 inhibitor, but also by addition of potassium cyanide (KCN), which is a trapping agent for iminium ions. We also confirmed in this study that CYP1A2 suicide inhibition by DSP-1053 metabolites generated by CYP3A4 had only minimal role in DSP-1053 TDI of CYP1A2.

4. In conclusion, a possible mechanism for DSP-1053 TDI of CYP1A2 is that DSP-1053 iminium ion, which is generated by CYP3A4, departs from CYP3A4 without inhibiting it and covalently binds to CYP1A2.

Keywords:

• Cytochrome P450
• time-dependent inhibition
• reactive metabolites
• iminium ion
• drug–drug interaction

Acknowledgments

We thank Tomohiro Toyoda, Hidehumi Yoshinaga, Tomoaki Nishida and Izumi Sasaki for their chemical synthesis of DSP-1053 and M-1.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.