Abstract
Referring to communicative material from an autistic and a psychotic child, the author argues for the primary importance of understanding children's words and actions in terms of their conscious or intended meaning before seeking a latent, symbolic meaning for them and attempting to convey this to the child in therapy. In furtherance of the argument the author introduces and develops a distinction between the signification and the significance of expressive utterances, and explains its relevance to the development of children's concepts by means of clinical material.