The gendered perception of social problems in post-Soviet Estonian society: A qualitative perspective

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Notes

1. See for example: Estonian Human Development Reports (Tallinn: United Nations Development Program, 1995–2001); D. Kutsar and A. Trumm, eds, Poverty Reduction in Estonia: Background and Guidelines (Tartu, Estonia: Tartu University, Ministry of Social Affairs, United Nations Development Program, 1999); Social Trends 2 (Tallinn: Statistical Office of Estonia, 2001); A. Kunst, M. Leinsalu, A. Kasmel, and J. Habicht, Social Inequalities in Health in Estonia, Main Report (Tallinn: World Bank, Ministry of Social Affairs of Estonia, 2002); D. Kutsar, ed., Living Conditions in Estonia Five Years Later, NORBALT II (Tartu, Estonia: Tartu University, Institute of Applied Social Science FAFO, 2002).

2. See for example: J. B. Grøgaard, ed., Estonia in the Grip of Change (Oslo: NORBALT Living Conditions Project, FAFO, 1996); M. Lagerspetz, Constructing Post-Communism. A Study in the Estonian Social Problems Discourse (Turku: Turkun Yliopisto, 1996); A. Kirch, ed., The Integration of Non-Estonians into Estonian Society: History, Problems and Trends (Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers, 1997); M. Lauristin, P. Vihalemm, K. E. Rosengren and L. Weibull, eds, Return to Western World. Cultural and Political Perspectives on the Estonian Post-Communist Transition (Tartu, Estonia: Tartu University Press, 1997); M. Kivinen, ed., The Kalmari Union: Middle Class in East and West (Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 1998); D. Laitin, Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Population in the Near Abroad (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998); R. Ruutsoo, “National State and Educational Policy: The Estonian Case in the Post-Soviet Environment,” in Elmars Vebers, ed., Integracija un Etnopolitika/Integration and Ethnopolitics (Riga: Jumava, 1999), pp. 94–111; T. Fløtten, “Ethnicity and Social Exclusion in Estonia and Latvia,” Europe–Asia Studies, Vol. 53, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1023–1049; K. Müller, “Old-Age Security in the Baltics: Legacy, Early Reforms and Recent Trends,” Europe–Asia Studies, Vol. 54, No. 5, 2002, pp. 725–748.

3. See for example: Estonian Women in a Changing Society. National Report of Estonia 1995. The Fourth World Conference on Women (Tallinn: United Nations Development Program, 1995); A. Narusk, “Gendered Outcomes of the Transition in Estonia,” Finnish Review of East European Studies, Vol. 3, Nos 3–4, 1996, pp. 12–39; J. Helemäe, E. Saar, and R. Voormann, “Gender Stratification of Young Adults in Earnings,” in Meilute Taljunaite, ed., Everyday Life in the Baltic States (Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, 1997), pp. 79–103; A. Narusk and L. Hansson, Estonian Families in the 1990s: Winners and Losers (Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers, 1999); R. Voormann, “Gender Segregation of Jobs in the Baltics,” in I. Novikova, ed., Women's Studies and Gender Research in the Baltic and Nordic Countries: Mapping the Situation '98 (Riga: Institute of Sociology, 1999), pp. 64–68.

4. Narusk, Gendered Outcomes.

5. R. Voormann, “Gender Disproportions in Education,” in P. Kenkmann, ed., Youth in the Changing Baltic Countries (Tartu, Estonia: Tartu University, 1999), pp. 59–66; E. Saar, “Women Disadvantages in Labor and Gender Differences in Educational Paths,” in Meilute Taljunaite, ed., Everyday Life in the Baltic States (Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, 1997), pp. 104–123.

6. M. Titma and N. B. Tuma, “Field Work for Wave 4 of ‘Paths of a Generation’ in Estonia,” Report to the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, Stanford University, Department of Sociology, 1997.

7. Helemäe et al., “Gender Stratification of Young Adults in Earnings;” J. Helemäe, E. Saar and R. Voormann, Kas haridusse tasus investeerida. Hariduse selekteerivast ja stratifitseerivast rollist kahe põlvkonna kogemuse alusel [Returns to Education] (Tallinn: Academy of Sciences Publisher, 2000).

8. Tööjõud Eestis [Labor Force in Estonia]. 1989–1998 (Tallinn: Statistical Office of Estonia, 1998); R. Eamets, K. Philips, and T. Annus, Employment and Labor Market in Estonia: Background Study (Tartu, Estonia: Tartu University Press, 1999); R. Voormann, “Men and Women on the Labour Market,” in P. Maimik, K. Mand and U.-M. Papp, eds, Towards a Balanced Society: Women and Men in Estonia (Tallinn: Ministry of Social Affairs of Estonia, United Nations Development Program, 2000), pp. 46–53.

9. V. Kanopiene and I. Juozeliuniene, “Gender Roles and Identity,” in Meilute Taljunaite, ed., Changes of Identity in Modern Lithuania (Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, 1996), pp. 223–229.

10. T. Raitviir, Elections in Estonia during the Transition Period: A Comparative Study (1989–1993) (Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers, 1996).

11. Statistical Yearbook of Estonia 2003 (Tallinn: Statistical Office of Estonia, 2003).

12. Ibid.

13. A. Narusk, ed., Everyday Life and Radical Changes in Estonia (Tallinn: Institute of International and Social Studies, 1995).

14. P. Maimik et al., Towards a Balanced Society.

15. E. Haavio-Mannila and A. Kelam, “Young Families and Gender Roles in Estonia and Finland in 1984 and 1993,” Finnish Review of East European Studies, Vol. 3, Nos 3–4, 1996, pp. 79–100.

16. “EW” indicates that the respondent is an Estonian woman, “RW” a Russian woman, “EM” an Estonian man, “RM” a Russian man.

17. Narusk, Gendered Outcomes.

18. World Bank, “Estonia. Living Standards During the Transition. A Poverty Assessment,” report, 17 June 1996, No. 15647-EE.

19. B. Anderson and R. Vöörmann, “Women and Equality of the Sexes in Estonia,” International Journal of Sociology, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1996, pp. 76–95.

20. “Hourly Wages and Salaries. October 1999,” Statistical Office of Estonia, Tallinn, 1999.