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Abstract
In brief: To determine the acute effects of smokeless tobacco on heart rate and neuromuscular performance, heart rate was monitored in college men as they performed perceptual-motor tasks. Two studies were conducted using 25 subjects (both athletes and nonathletes) who were either regular smokeless tobacco users or nonusers. Significant differences in favor of athletes over nonathletes were noted for reaction time. Tobacco-using subjects (but not the nonuser controls) showed significant increases in heart rate. The results indicate that smokeless tobacco use can increase heart rate but does not affect reaction time, movement time, or total response time among athletes or nonathletes.