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Abstract
This article seeks to examine Vietnam-Australia bilateral relations from 2000 to 2018. It will focus on political and economic dynamics of this relationship. Canberra and Hanoi established initial diplomatic contacts in 1973. After the first 27 years of approaching each other, they both recognized that it is in their mutual interests to strengthen and deepen their political and economic linkages. Therefore, from 2001 to 2018, Hanoi and Canberra continued to take practical steps to create political establishments and economic chances for greater successes in their relations. Like any other bilateral relations in world politics, there may be differences between Canberra and Hanoi, yet these differences have not prevented them from bringing their relationship to a new height.
Notes
1 Peter King (Ed), Australia's Vietnam. Australia in the Second Indo-China War (Melbourne: Unwin Hyman, 1983).
2 For good accounts on Australian involvement in the Vietnam War, see Peter Edwards, "Australian Government and the Involvement in the Vietnam War," Vietnam Generation 3, no. 3 (1991), http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/vietnamgeneration/vol3/iss2/3 (accessed January 20, 2019); Alan Renouf, The Frightened Country (Melbourne: Macmillan, 1979); Malcolm Booker, The Last Domino: Aspects of Australia’s Foreign Relations (Sydney: Collins, 1976); and Michael Sexton, War for the Asking: Australia’s Vietnam Secrets (Penguin: Ringwood, 1981).
3 Kyle Springer, Vietnam as G20 Country: Towards an Australia-Vietnam Economic Partnership (Perth: USAsia Centre, 2018), http://perthusasia.edu.au/getattachment/Our-Work/Vietnam-as-a-G20-Country/PU-058-IPIS-V10-VietG20-WEB-Final.pdf.aspx?lang=en-AU (accessed January 1, 2019).
4 Carlyle A. Thayer, “Australia and Vietnam, 1950–1980, Part II, From Conciliation
to Condemnation, 1972–1980,” Dyason House Papers, 6, no. 3 (1980):5–12.
5 Edgar Feuchtwanger and Peter Nailor (Eds), Soviet Union and the Third World (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1981), 90.
6 For a good discussion of Vietnam and comprehensive security, see Kim Ninh, “Vietnam: Struggle and Cooperation,” in Asian Security Practice: Material and Ideational Influences, ed. Muthiah Alagappa (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998), 445–76.
7 Communist Party of Vietnam, 7th National Congress Documents (Hanoi: Vietnam Foreign Languages Publishing House: 1991), 134.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Paul Keating, Transcript of the Prime Minister. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, (1994), https://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-9187 (accessed January 12, 2019).
11 Paul Keating, Statement by the Prime Minister, (1995), https://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-9675 (accessed January 11, 2019).
12 Vietnamese Embassy in Australia, Vietnam-Australia Relations (2015), http://members.webone.com.au/∼vembassy/Relations.htm (accessed January 13, 2019).
13 Ibid.
14 David Legard, “Telstra Ends 17-Year Cooperation Work in Vietnam.” IDG News Service, 2003, https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/17007/telstra_ends_17-year_cooperation_work_vietnam/ (accessed December 12, 2018).
15 Trang Nguyen, “ANZ Marks 25-Year Milestone in Vietnam.” Vietnam Investment Review, 2018, https://www.vir.com.vn/anz-marks-25-year-milestone-in-vietnam-63687.html (accessed December 13, 2018).
16 Tom Anderson, “BHP Producing Oil in Vietnam.” UPI, 2018, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/10/17/BHP-producing-oil-in-Vietnam/1310782366400/ (accessed January 1, 2019).
17 Michael C. Williams, “Vietnam at the Crossroads.” (Chatham House Papers, London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1992).
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid.
20 Kyle Springer, Vietnam as a G20 Country: Towards an Australian-Vietnam Economic Partnership. Indo-Pacific Insight Series, Vol. 10, (2018), http://perthusasia.edu.au/getattachment/Our-Work/Vietnam-as-a-G20-Country/PU-058-IPIS-V10-VietG20-WEB-Final.pdf.aspx?lang=en-AU (accessed 11 January, 2019).
21 Mark A. Ashwill, Vietnam Today: A Guide to a Nation at Crossroads (London: Nicholas Brealey, 2004).
22 Australian Embassy in Vietnam, “Australian Ambassador Sees Potential in Mekong Delta for Development Cooperation,” (2009), https://vietnam.embassy.gov.au/hnoi/MR090821AmboVisitsMekong.html (accessed December 29, 2018).
23 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “Lessons Learnt in the Scholarships Program in Vietnam-Final Report,” (2013) https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Documents/australia-awards-vietnam-lessons-learnt-study.pdf, p. 28. (accessed November 29, 2018).
24 Derek McDougall, “Regional Strategic Context Improves Australia-Vietnam Relations.” Est Asia Forum, 2015, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2015/04/18/regional-strategic-context-improves-australia-vietnam-relations/ (accessed January 11, 2019).
25 Vietnamese Embassy in Australia, “Vietnam, Australia Issue Joint Statement,” (2009), http://vietnamembassy.org.au/news-on-the-relationship/ArtMID/435/ArticleID/10/Vietnam-Australia-issue-joint-statement, (accessed January 1, 2019).
26 Australian Embassy in Vietnam, “A Declaration on Enhancing the Australia-Vietnam Comprehensive Partnership,” (2015), https://vietnam.embassy.gov.au/hnoi/150318.html (accessed January 1, 2019).
27 Australian Embassy in Vietnam, “Australia-Vietnam Plan of Action Inked,” (2015), https://vietnam.embassy.gov.au/hnoi/161130LastestNews.html (accessed January 12, 2019).
28 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “Joint Statement of the Establishment of a Strategic Partnership between Australia and Vietnam,” (2018), https://dfat.gov.au/geo/vietnam/Pages/joint-statement-on-the-establishment-of-a-strategic-partnership-between-australia-and-viet-nam.aspx (accessed January 23, 2019).
29 Carlyle Thayer, “Australia-Vietnam Strategic Partnership: Why Now?” (2018), http://www.viet-studies.net/kinhte/Thayer_VNAustPartnerNow.pdf (accessed November, 21, 2018).
30 Ibid.
31 Xuan Ngoc, “Australian Warship Makes Port Call in Central Vietnam,” (2016), https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/australian-warship-makes-port-call-in-central-vietnam-3493230.html (accessed December 19, 2018).
32
33 Australia Embassy in Vietnam, “Media Release: Three Royal Australian Navy Warships HMAS ANZAC, HMAS TOOWOOMBA, HMAS SUCCESS Will Pay a Goodwill Visit To Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam From 19 To 22 April 2018,” (2018), https://vietnam.embassy.gov.au/hnoi/MR180419.html (accessed January 1, 2019).
34 See G. Thanga Rajesh, Conflict Resolution Imperatives in the South China Sea (New Delhi: KW Publishers, 2017); Bill Hayton, The South China Sea: The Struggle for Power in Asia (New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2014).
35 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “Vietnam,” (2018), https://dfat.gov.au/trade/resources/Documents/viet.pdf (accessed February 1, 2019).
36 Nguyen Dieu Tu Uyen, “Vietnam Economy Remains Outperformer as Growth Top 7% Mark,” (Bloomberg, 2018), https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-27/vietnam-s-economy-remains-outperformer-as-growth-tops-7-mark (accessed November 18, 2018).
37 Ibid.
38 Vietnamese Embassy in Australia, “Vietnam-Australia Relations,” (2015), http://members.webone.com.au/∼vembassy/Relations.htm (accessed January 13, 2019).
39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 Ibid.
42 Lan Phuong, “Expanding Vietnam-Australia Trade Relations.” Vietnam Economic News (2018), http://ven.vn/expanding-vietnam-australia-trade-relations-31270.html (accessed January 1, 2019).
43 Ibid.
44 Trading Economics, “Vietnam Export to Australia,” (2016), https://tradingeconomics.com/vietnam/exports/australia (accessed December 13, 2018).
45 ABC Rural, “Vietnam Given Approval to Export Lychees to Australia,” (2015), https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2015-05-12/vietnam-gets-approval-to-export-lychees-to-australia/6462482 (accessed January 12, 2019).
46 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “Vietnam,” (2018), https://dfat.gov.au/trade/resources/Documents/viet.pdf (accessed February 1, 2019).
47 Ibid.
48 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “Vietnam Country Brief,” (2018), https://dfat.gov.au/geo/vietnam/Pages/vietnam-country-brief.aspx (accessed January 19, 2019).
49 Auscham, “Snapshot,” (2018)<, https://auschamvn.org/snapshot-australian-business/ (accessed February 1, 2019).
50 Ibid.
51 Ibid.
52 Ministry of Planning and Investment. “Australian Investment in Vietnam,” (2015), https://dautunuocngoai.gov.vn/Detail/3531/Australian-Investment-in-Vietnam&lang=en (accessed January 19, 2018).
53 Auscham, “Snapshot,” (2018)https://auschamvn.org/snapshot-australian-business/ (accessed February 1, 2019).
54 Alan Ducan and Kenneth Leong, “Vietnam-Australia Economic Relations.” BCEC Briefing Note, (2013), https://bcec.edu.au/assets/BCEC-BN3-Vietnam-Australia-Economic-Relations.pdf (accessed January 1, 2019).
55 Ibid.
56 Kim Oanh. “Vietnam’s Inbound and Outbound Foreign Investment Picture.” Vietnam Investment Review (2018), https://www.vir.com.vn/vietnams-inbound-and-outbound-foreign-investment-picture-64182.html (accessed December 29, 2018).
57 Ibid.
58 Kevin Rudd, “Australia and Vietnam: Partners in Shaping Our Region for the 21st Century,” (2011), https://foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/Pages/2011/kr_sp_110413.aspx?ministerid=2 (accessed November 18, 2018).