A Model for Using a Developing Country's Park System for Conservation Education

Abstract

Kinabalu Park in Malaysia is a clear example of the role parks can play in providing natural resource education in developing countries, as well as the critical role of education in conservation. I used a comprehensive approach based on an education evaluation model to develop, implement, and assess educational programs for four specific Kinabulu Park audiences: general park visitors, school groups, local villagers, and the public reached by mass media. The programs were developed based on information gleaned from surveys, interviews, and observations of the needs, goals, objectives, resources, and constraints particular to each target audience. The programs, including an interpretive nature trail, a school biology program, a mobile extension program, and a newspaper series, were then implemented and assessed. The results demonstrate that all these programs were successful in increasing environmental knowledge or fostering favorable attitude shifts toward the park system and conservation. The use of a systematic approach improved program content, provided accountability, and demonstrated the role a park can play in natural resource education, as well as the important use of park programs for natural resource management and conservation.