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Abstract
In the present research work, the effect of solvents, particle size, solvent/solid ratio, and temperature on the extraction efficiency of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and mustard (Brassica nigra) were investigated. The extraction process proceeded at a fast rate followed by a slower one. Particle size, solvent type, solvent/solid ratio and temperature had a positive effect on the extraction process, and maximum extraction was achieved by ethanol. Extraction kinetics was determined with a mathematical model derived from Fick's second law. The results were verified with Fick's diffusion model for extraction kinetics in all experiments, which provided the initial rate and extent of solid–liquid extraction. Antioxidant values were determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azino-Bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). The extracts of O. vulgare and B. nigra prepared using ethanol showed optimal antioxidant activity.