Abstract
A discrete, linear, time-variant, state equation model of the heat transfer processes involved has been applied to describe the behavior of steel ingots during teeming, prior to and following stripping, during soaking pit heating and on extraction. This model gives accurate representations of the solidus formation and of the transient temperature behavior of the ingot while in the molds and while in the soaking pit furnaces. A major application of the resulting model has been to the charging of ingots with partially liquid cores into the soaking pits with a resulting substantial reduction in the energy requirements for the soaking pit operation and a correspondingly large increase in soaking pit throughput or productivity.