Notes
This paper grew out of the author's part in completing, with Dr. J. A. Horsfield, the late Professor A. J. Marder's final book, Old Friends, New Enemies: The Royal Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy Volume II: The Pacific War, 1942–1945 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990). I read an earlier version at the Pacific Coast Branch meeting of the Conference on British Studies at Lake Arrowhead, California, in March 1988. The issues discussed in this paper were first treated, necessarily with circumspection, in John Ehrman's fifth volume of Grand Strategy (London, HMSO: 1956), pp.155–202, 421–523.