Clusters—A new phase of matter

Abstract

Atomic clusters formed by agglomeration of atoms constitute a new class of matter with structural and electronic properties that depend uniquely on their size. Through innovative experiments and detailed theoretical calculations, it is now possible to understand how the various properties of a solid evolve as constituent atoms come together. The studies shed new light on how bonds in molecules transform to bands in solids, insulators become metals, and reactivity turns into passivity. The strong and unusual dependence of electronic properties on cluster size and geometry is providing ideas for novel technology that may lead to a new era of atomic engineering. Some of the recent developments in the field of clusters are reviewed with particular emphasis on cluster properties that are quite distinct from their atomic or solid state behavior.

Key Words:

• Atomic clusters