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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Notes
1.. There is no religious education course in the first three grades of primary schools. There is religious education from 4th grade (age 9) to 12th grade (age 17).
2.. The Turkish education system adopts a so-called 4+4+4 system: a 4-year compulsory primary education (ages 6–9), a 4-year compulsory lower secondary education (ages 10–13) and a 4-year compulsory upper secondary education (ages 14–17). There is no primary Imam-Hatip school.
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Abdurrahman Hendek
Abdurrahman Hendek has recently completed his PhD at the University of Oxford. His PhD focused on supranational and national factors and their influence on religious education policy as interpreted and conceived by various policy actors in Turkey and England. His academic interests include religious education policy, home schooling, comparative education, and secularisation.