Indigenous discrimination: The ideological basis for local discrimination against hunter‐gatherer minorities in sub‐Saharan Africa

Abstract

In rural Africa differences in modes of subsistence are widely represented as ethnic differences. A fundamental distinction is often made between agriculturalists, pastoralists and hunter‐gatherers. Evidence suggests that these categories are indigenous and enduring. This article focuses on serious discrimination against hunter‐gatherer ethnic minorities. The forms of discrimination considered are negative stereotypes, denial of rights and segregation. Reasons underlying these forms of discrimination are analysed ‐ the political weakness of hunter‐gatherers, the distorted notions that they are impoverished, backward, uncivilized, eaters of revolting foods and animal‐like or child‐like in their behaviour. Less negative notions are also assessed: hunter‐gatherers as original inhabitants, their identification with fertility and as shedders of blood. Religious responses to such hegemonic ideologies and to discrimination are considered. Hunter‐gatherer religions are not usually religions of protest but are focused on their own sense of self‐worth, on the celebration of their distinctive ways of life, on health and well‐being.

Keywords:

• Hunter‐gatherers
• discrimination
• Hadza
• Dorobo
• Twa
• Maasai