CPD? What happened to CME? CME and beyond

Abstract

Continuing medical education (CME) has been evolving into continuing professional development (CPD) and more recently into competency-based continuing professional development (CBCPD). We will describe this progression and the consequent changes in CPD programs developed by educators, appraise emerging challenges in CPD, propose strategies to overcome them and conclude by recommending research in CPD as the best way to consistently guide effective CPD programs and systems aligned with the public healthcare needs and expectations.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Helena P. Filipe

Helena P. Filipe, MD, MSc-Medical Education, FSACME, is a Consultant of Ophthalmology at Hospital das Forças Armadas/PL-EMGFA and Hospital SAMS, Portugal. She currently serves the ICO as chair of the CPD Committee, serves the AMEE CPD Committee, the ARVO CME Committee, the GAME CPD Committee and the Board of the Portuguese College of Ophthalmology.

Karl C. Golnik

Karl C. Golnik, MD, MEd, is Professor & Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Cincinnati, USA. He currently serves as the International Council of Ophthalmology’s Director for Education. He has given invited neuro-ophthalmology and medical education lectures in more than 65 countries and has over 120 publications.

Heather G. Mack

Heather G. Mack, MD, MBA, PhD, FRANZCO, FRACS, is an Ophthalmologist practicing in Medical Retina and Visual Electrophysiology. She has a strong interest in continuing professional development, and was Chair of the RANZCO CPD committee 2004–2011. She is currently RANZCO Treasurer.