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Abstract
The availability of freshwater has become the primary concern nowadays for modern society. Treatment of wastewater (contaminated by commercial and industrial activities) is an energy-intensive process which depends on the conventional form of energy. Solar energy can provide a viable option for water treatment and has gained an emerging interest. Solar-powered wastewater treatment can vary from simpler one (solar still and SODIS) to mature technology (MD, MSF and RO). Selection of these technologies is very site specific. Solar still and SODIS are suitable for tropical countries having abundant solar energy but lacking investment and skilled manpower. Solar MED is more technologically and economically competitive than solar MSF and solar MD. The PV-RO system is technically feasible but expensive. Upgradation of these technologies could give new market opportunities in the modern era. This paper presents the comprehensive review on the advances and challenges in solar-powered wastewater treatment technologies.
Acknowledgement
The author would like to convey his sincere thanks to the original researchers who performed different kinds of studies on solar wastewater treatment that provide the base of this study. Special thanks to Mrs. Anuradha Sansaniwal (Clinical Psychologist) for motivating the author throughout this present work.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.