Diesel engine performance with nickel-oxide-doped Calophyllum oil biodiesel under varying injection timings

Abstract

This investigation revealed the impact of Ni-O doping variation in the Calophyllum oil biodiesel B25 against the braking torque 10–25 N-m, under FIT 21, 24 and 27 °btdc. The engine tested for B25N25, B25N50, B25N75 and B25N100 at Ni-O doping 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm, respectively. It analyzed engine parameters like BTE, BSFC, CO₂, CO, UNHC and NOx at 3.0 kW load, 210 bar FIP, 1500 rpm and 17.5 compression ratio. FIT 27 °btdc reported BTE rise by 10.15% and BSFC fall by 12.78% against the FIT 21 °btdc. Braking toque 10 to 25 N-m, it was found that with FIT 27 °btdc, 9.10% increase in BTE and 7.9% decrement in BFSC. BSFC reduced at FIT 27 °btdc against 21 °btdc for Ni-O doping of 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm was 15.81%, 13.13%, 13.39% and 7.04% respectively. The highest BET 29.53% reported for B25N25, and lowest BSFC 0.301 kg/kW-h for B25N75. The highest CO₂ found 2.55% with B25N50, lowest CO 11.73% for B25N75. UBHC 9.30 ppm reported for B25N25 and B25N100. NOx was lowest 152 ppm for B25N50. It was concluded that B25N50 best suited fuel to minimise NOx emission with the improvement in BTE and reduction in BSFC at FIT of 27 °btdc.

KEYWORDS:

• Diesel engine
• fuel injection timing
• NiO nano-fluid
• Calophyllum oil biodiesel blend
• performance characteristics

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).