Effectiveness of high-resolution SAR for water resource management in low-income semi-arid countries

Abstract

This article presents an efficient framework and a sustainable pilot project on the effective use of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in low-income countries and semi-arid climatic contexts. The technical efficiency was pursued by integrating SAR models and hydrological assessment methods; the socio-economical sustainability was guaranteed by the joint work of scientists, technicians, and volunteers. The pilot project was developed in the Yatenga region, a Sahelian area in northern Burkina Faso. In particular, an original development of SAR interferometry algorithms was tailored to the peculiar climate, the soil characteristics, and the land cover of the semi-arid regions. A digital elevation model (DEM) was derived, and an original approach based on the use of SAR amplitude images is proposed for its validation. The achieved resolution (9 m) is significantly better than that of the previously available DEMs in the study area (30 m). Based on the DEM, the soil sedimentation rate of small reservoirs was estimated together with the average soil loss in the contributing catchments due to the erosion process. A multi-temporal filter was implemented on the SAR images for monitoring of water intake volume in small reservoirs, and its seasonal evolution. The developed tools provide an innovative contribution for the improvement of water resource management in the study area. This approach is repeatable and scalable to suit situations with similar economic and climatic conditions.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Direction de la Meteorologie du Burkina Faso for providing the rainfall and temperature measurements from Ouahigouya meteo station, and the Salerno and Napoli branches of Engineering without Borders for supporting the researchers and volunteers in Burkina Faso.

SAR images, as the basis of this study, were provided by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under the aegis of the 2007 COSMO-SkyMed AO Project ‘Use of High-Resolution SAR Data for Water Resource Management in Semi-Arid Regions’.