https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-4911
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ABSTRACT
The transport of suspended sediment in estuaries affects the erosion and deposition of estuaries and changes in landform patterns, and it has a profound impact on primary productivity and ecosystem regulation in estuaries. It is of great value for coastal construction and environmental monitoring to study the surface suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in estuaries and adjacent waters. Using 2355 Landsat 5/7/8 satellite images from the Google Earth Engine, the SSC in the surface layer of the Yellow River Estuary from 1984 to 2021 was studied. The results showed that from 1984 to 2021, the SSC declined by more than 30%. The Xiaolangdi Dam and Water and Sediment Regulation Scheme have affected the sediment transport and runoff of the Yellow River, which can explain more than 40% of the SSC in the buffer area of the estuary and have a close relationship with the inter-monthly changes in SSC. The diversion of estuaries and circulation to the transport of suspended sediment have largely affected the changes in nearshore SSC, including the spatial patterns and temporal variations in SSC. Wave changes caused by wind speed on the sea surface can explain the inner-annual changes in SSC in Laizhou Bay and southern Bohai Bay. From January to February, the area of high concentration zones (100 mg L−1≤SSC) accounts for more than 10%, higher than in other months, and re-suspension of sediment caused by wind is the main reason for the increase in SSC.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Elsevier Language Editing Services (https://webshop.elsevier.com) for English language editing. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42106172), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021QD135), the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong (2019GHY112017), State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (LTO2017), the Foundation of Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Shandong Academy of Sciences (HYPY202107), University-Industry Collaborative Education Program (202102245036 and 202101044002), the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research under Project (SKLEC-KF202001), and the Project Plan of Pilot Project of Integration of Science, Education and Industry (2022GH004 and 2022PY041). The Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources is acknowledged for the sediment transport and runoff data. We are thankful to the USGS, the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center, the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, and the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing at the University of California, Irvine (UC-IRVINE/CHRS) for data availability through Google Earth Engine cloud computation platform.
Disclosure statement
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Dingfeng Yu: Project administration, Supervision, Methodology, Writing – review & editing. Xiaodong Bian: Conceptualization, Visualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft. Lei Yang: Writing – review & editing. Yan Zhou: Writing – review & editing. Deyu An: Writing – review & editing. Maosheng Zhou: Writing – review & editing. Shenliang Chen: Writing – review & editing. Shunqi Pan: Writing – review & editing.