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Articles

Modern Neoliberal Philanthropy: motivations and impact of Pfizer Pharmaceutical’s corporate social responsibility campaign

Pages 171-182 | Published online: 01 Feb 2013
 

Abstract

One of Pfizer Pharmaceutical’s general corporate goals is that no person anywhere should be restricted from receiving essential and affordable medicines. From 2009 to 11 Pfizer’s internal corporate social responsibility (csr) programmes were private corporate efforts that were discretionary and limited in scope and impact. All Pfizer’s csr preferred public policy governmental positions encompassed neoliberal government requirements based on market and profit considerations, with no positions demonstrating, in detail, how universal provision of drugs for all would be provided. Currently Pfizer’s csr efforts represent a dichotomy when compared with the general corporate goal of not restricting essential and affordable medicines in order to provide medicines for all.

Notes

1. Pfizer, Pfizer Annual Review 2011: Humanity, Expanding Access to Health, 2011. Available at http://www.pfizer.com/investors/financial_reports/annual_reports/2011/expanding-access.jsp

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid; Oxfam International, Investing for Life: Meeting Poor People’s Needs for Access to Medicines through Responsible Business Practices, Oxford: Oxfam International, 2007; and P Hunt, Special Rapporteur on Right to Health, press conference, Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, United Nations, New York, 2007.

5. Oxfam International, Investing for Life; Hunt, press conference; and KM Leisinger, ‘Corporate responsibilities for access to medicines’, Journal of Business Ethics, 28 September 2008, at http://www.springerlink.com/content/01011u4800734242/?p=2b7af1c599b74a7a8269ee8604f86296&pi=0.

6. Oxfam International, Investing for Life; P Utting, ‘Promoting corporate development through corporate responsibility—does it work?’, Global Future, third quarter 2003, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, available at http://www.unrisd.org/unrisd/website/newsview.nsf/%28httpNews%29/B163470112831808C1256DA90041ECC5?OpenDocument; H Lovins, ‘Rethinking production’, in State of the World, Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2008, ch 3; T Blue, ‘Big shot’, The Australian, 1 September 2006, finance section, p 2; United Nations Division for Sustainable Development, Agenda 21, New York: United Nations, 2005; Consumers International, Branding the Cure: A Consumer Perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility, Drug Promotion and the Pharmaceutical Industry in Europe, London: Consumers International, 2006; World Business Council for Sustainable Development, ‘History of the wbcsd’, at http://www.wbcsd.org/templates/TemplateWBCSD2/layout.asp?type=p&MenuId=NDEx; and ‘The light fantasy’, Marketing Week, 20 January 2004, p 26.

7. D Weissbrodt & M Kruger, ‘Norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights’, American Journal of International Law, 97(4), 2003, pp 901–922; Christian Aid, Behind the Mask: The Real Face of Corporate Social Responsibility, London: Christian Aid, 2004; and United Nations, Draft International Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations, UN Doc E/C.10/1984/S/5, New York, 1984, 23 ILM 626.

8. Weissbrodt & Kruger, ‘Norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations’; Christian Aid, Behind the Mask; and United Nations, Draft International Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations.

9. Christian Aid, Behind the Mask; United Nations Department of Public Information, ‘Earth Summit’, New York, 23 May 1997; United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (unced), Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro: General Assembly, 12 August 1992; and J Clapp, ‘Global environmental governance for corporate responsibility and accountability’, Global Environmental Politics, 5(3), 2005, pp 23–24.

10. United Nations Division for Sustainable Development, Agenda 21; United Nations Department of Public Information, ‘Earth Summit’; and unced, Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.

11. Lovins, ‘Rethinking production’; Blue, ‘Big shot’; World Business Council for Sustainable Development, ‘History of the wbcsd’; and S Schmidheiny, Changing Course: A Global Business Perspective on Development and the Environment, Boston, MA: mit Press.

12. Lovins, ‘Rethinking production’; World Business Council for Sustainable Development, ‘History of the wbcsd’; and Schmidheiny, Changing Course.

13. P Engardio, ‘Global Compact, little impact: four years in the UN’s voluntary corporate responsibility is falling short’, BusinessWeek, 38(91), 2004, p 86; ‘Bluewashed and boilerplated: corporate social responsibility’, The Economist, 19 June 2004; P Engardio, ‘Two views of the Global Compact: a pair of experts discuss whether the UN’s corporate-responsibility program should foster dialogue or enforce standards’, BusinessWeek, 20 July 2004; United Nations, ‘The ten principles’, 2008; and United Nations, ‘Overview of the Global Compact’, 2008.

14. Engardio, ‘Global Compact’ United Nations, ‘The ten principles’, available at gc/thetenprinciples/index.html; and United Nations, ‘The ten principles’; and United Nations, ‘Overview of the UN Global Compact’, available at http://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/.

15. Engardio, ‘Global Compact’; ‘Bluewashed and boilerplated’; Engardio, ‘Two views of the Global Compact’; and United Nations, ‘Overview of the Global Compact’.

16. Pfizer, ‘Pfizer, Inc: exploring out history 2000–present’, at http://www.pfizer.com/about/history/2000_present.jsp.

17. C Crouch, ‘The strange non-death of neoliberalism’, paper presented at ‘Challenging Orthodoxies: The Critical Governance Studies Conference’, University of Warwick, 13 December 2010; and M Givel, ‘Neoliberal and public effects of failing to adopt OSHA’s national secondhand tobacco smoke rule’, International Journal of Health Services, 36(1), 2006, pp 137–155.

18. Crouch,’ The strange non-death of neoliberalism’; and Givel, ‘Neoliberal and public effects of failing to adopt OSHA’s national secondhand tobacco smoke rule’.

19. Crouch, ‘ The strange non-death of neoliberalism’; C Holden & K Lee, ‘Corporate power and social policy: the political economy of the transnational tobacco companies’, Global Social Policy, 9(3) 2009, pp 328–354; K Farnsworth & C Holden, ‘The business–social policy nexus: corporate power and corporate inputs into social policy’, Journal of Social Policy, 35(3), 2006, pp 473–494; and L Gulbrandsen & A Moe, ‘bp in Azerbaijan: a test case of the potential and limits of the crs agenda?’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 813–830.

20. Farnsworth & Holden, ‘The business–social policy nexus’.

21. Christian Aid, Behind the Mask; United Nations, ‘Overview of the Global Compact’; ‘Business with a conscience’, Business & Finance, 21 January 2006; L Gauld, ‘Water cooler debate: does corporate social responsibility really make a difference?’, Sunday Herald, 14 May 2006, p 6; Business for Social Responsibility, Corporate Social Responsibility, Education Fund, 17 July 2000; J Snider, R Hill & D Martin, ‘Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: a view from the world’s most successful firms’, Journal of Business Ethics, 48, 2003, pp 175–187; M Givel, ‘Motivation of chemical industry social responsibility through Responsible Care’, Health Policy, 81(1), 2007, pp 85–92; N Hirschhorn, ‘Corporate social responsibility and the tobacco industry: hope or hype?’, Tobacco Control, 13, 2004, pp 447–453; P Utting, ‘csr and equality’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 697–712; and R Pearson, ‘Beyond women workers: gendering csr’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 731–749.

22. D Fig, ‘Questioning csr in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: the case of Aracruz Celulose sa’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 831–849; M Kilgour, ‘The UN Compact and substantive equality for women: revealing a “well hidden” mandate’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 751–773; A Tallontire, ‘csr and regulation: towards a framework for understanding private standards initiatives in the agri-food chain’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 775–791; D Glover, ‘Monsanto and smallholder farmers: a case study in CSR’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 851–867; G Fridell, ‘The co-operative and the corporation: competing visions of the future of fair trade’, Journal of Business Ethics, 86, 2009, pp 81–95; K Macdonald, ‘Globalising justice within coffee supply chains? Fair trade, Starbucks, and the transformation of supply chain governance’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 793–812; P Newell & J Frynas, ‘Beyond csr? Business, poverty, and social justice—an introduction’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 669–681; S Barrientos & S Smith, ‘Do workers benefit from ethical trade? Assessing codes of labour practice in global production systems’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 713–729; R Bird, A Hall, F Momente & F Reggiani, ‘What corporate social responsibility activities are valued by the market?’, Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 2007, pp 189–206; and S Ponte, L Richey & M Baab, ‘Bono’s product (red) initiative: corporate social responsibility that solves the problems of “distant others”‘, Third World Quarterly, 30(2), 2009, pp 301–317.

23. Utting, ‘csr and equality’; Newell & Frynas’, ‘Beyond csr?’; P Utting & JC Marques, Corporate Social Responsibility and Regulatory Governance: Towards Inclusive Development?, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010; and S Soederberg, ‘Socially responsible investment and the development agenda: peering behind the progressive veil of non-financial benchmarking’, Third World Quarterly, 28(7), 2007, pp 1219–1237.

24. Consumers International, Branding the Cure; Christian Aid, Behind the Mask; ‘Business with a conscience’; Givel, ‘Motivation of chemical industry social responsibility through Responsible Care’; Hirschorn, ‘Corporate social responsibility and the tobacco industry’; and Newell & Frynas’, ‘Beyond csr?.

25. Christian Aid, Behind the Mask; and G Auld, S Berstein & B Cashore, ‘The new corporate social responsibility’, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 33, 2008, pp 413–435.

26. J Robotham, ‘Companies ditch conference over tobacco firm’s presence’, Sydney Morning Herald, 25 November 2005, p 9.

27. M Blowfield, ‘Reasons to be cheerful? What we know about CSR’s impact’, Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 2007, pp 683–695.

28. Pfizer, Pfizer Annual Review 2011.

29. Pfizer, Doing the Right Things: 2009 Corporate Social Responsibility Report, 2009. Available at www.pfizer.com/responsibility

30. Fortune, Global 500, 2009, at http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/full_list/101_200.html; and bbc News, ‘Pfizer’s profit rise disappoints’, 3 February 2010.

31. Pfizer, 2011 Financial Report, 2011, Appendix A. Available at www.pfizer.com/files/annualreport/2011/financial/financial2011.pdf

32. United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Preliminary Proxy Statement, Schedule 14 A, Pfizer Inc, 2009. This document is listed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, a federal US agency that oversees securities transactions and listings. The document referenced here is a required filing for all companies that publicly trade stocks including Pfizer.

33. Ibid.

34. Oxfam International, Investing for Life; US Securities and Exchange Commission, Preliminary Proxy Statement; Center for Responsive Politics, ‘Heavy hitters’, Pfizer, Inc, 2010, at http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.php?id=D000000138; bbc News, ‘Pfizer’s Jeffrey Kindler resigns as chief executive’, 26 December 2010; Democracy Now!, ‘Wikileaks cables: Pfizer targeted Nigerian attorney general to undermine suits over fatal drug tests’, 2010; and ‘Pfizer spent 5.6M lobbying government in 4Q’, Associated Press, 22 March 2010. Available at http://www.democracynow.org/

35. Center for Responsive Politics, ‘Heavy hitters’.

36. US Securities and Exchange Commission, Preliminary Proxy Statement.

37. G Harris, ‘Pfizer pays $2.3 billion to settle marketing case’, New York Times, 3 September 2009.

38. Ibid; and C Johnson, ‘In settlement, a warning to drugmakers’, Washington Post, 2 September 2009.

39. Democracy Now!, ‘Wikileaks cables’; and J Stephens, ‘Panel faults Pfizer in ‘96 clinical trial in Nigeria’, Washington Post, 6 May 2006.

40. Pfizer, ‘Pfizer Inc: exploring our history 1951–1999’, 2009, at http://www.pfizer.com/about/history/1951_1999.jsp.

41. Pfizer, ‘Pfizer Inc: exploring our history 2000–present’.

42. Ibid.

43. Ibid.

44. Ibid.

45. Pfizer, Pfizer Annual Review 2011.

47. Pfizer, The Pfizer Foundation: A Charitable Foundation established by Pfizer Inc, 2011. Available at www.pfizerglobalhealth.com

49. W Holstein, ‘The impact of image on the bottom line’, New York Times, 9 April 2006, p 3.

50. Ibid.

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