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Abstract
Expertise stemming from the psy disciplines is increasingly and explicitly shaping international development policy and practice. Whilst some policy makers see the use of psy expertise as a new way to reduce poverty, increase economic efficiency, and promote wellbeing, others raise concerns that psychocentric development promotes individual over structural change, pathologises poverty, and depoliticises development. This paper specifically analyses four aspects of psy knowledge used in contemporary development policy: child development/developmental psychology, behavioural economics, positive psychology, and global mental health. This analysis illuminates the co-constitutive intellectual and colonial histories of development and psy-expertise: a connection that complicates claims that development has been psychologized; the uses and coloniality of both within a neoliberal project; and the potential for psychopolitics to inform development.
Notes
1. Howell, Madness in International Relations; Klein, Developing Minds; Mills, Decolonizing Global Mental Health.
2. Howell, Madness in International Relations, 98.
3. Rimke and Brock, The Culture of Therapy.
4. Gordo Lopez and De Vos, Psychologism, Psychologising and De-Psychologisation.
5. Foucault, Abnormal.
6. Ecclestone and Brunila, Governing Emotionally Vulnerable Subjects.
7. Rimke, Governing Citizens through Self-Help Literature.
8. Ecclestone and Brunila, Governing Emotionally Vulnerable Subjects.
9. Rose, Disorders without Borders?
10. Ecclestone and Brunila, Governing Emotionally Vulnerable Subjects, 489.
11. Furedi, Therapy Culture.
12. Pupavac, International Therapeutic Peace and Justice.
13. Million, Therapeutic Nations.
14. Rimke and Brock, The Culture of Therapy, 198.
15. Million, Therapeutic Nations,151.
16. Li, The Will to Improve.
17. Mignolo, Darker Side of Western Modernity; Mosse, Global Governance; Ferguson, The Anti-Politics Machine.
18. Oliver de Sardan, Anthropology of Development.
19. Rimke and Brock, The Culture of Therapy, 198.
20. Million, Therapeutic Nations, 104.
21. Million, Therapeutic Nations,104.
22. Hook, Critical Psychology.
23. Howell, Global Politics of Medicine.
24. Joseph, Necessity of an Attention, 1038.
25. Mahone, The Psychology of Rebellion, 250.
26. Cohen, Māori Resistance and the Continuance; Fanon, Wretched of the Earth; Mahone and Vaughan, Psychiatry and Empire; McCulloch, The Empire’s New Clothes.
27. Coythis and White, Alcohol Problems in Native America.
28. Li, The Will to Improve.
29. Klein, Developing Minds.
30. Pupavac, International Therapeutic Peace and Justice.
31. Million, Therapeutic Nations.
32. Burman, Developments, 150.
33. Burman, Developments.
34. Burman, Developments.
35. Inhelder and Piaget, Growth of Logical Thinking.
36. Burman, Deconstructing Developmental Psychology.
37. Nieuwenhuys, Is There an Indian Childhood? 148.
38. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, Culture, Scarcity, and Maternal Thinking: Maternal Detachment and Infant Survival in a Brazilian Shantytown.
39. Howard and Boyden, Why Does Child Trafficking?
40. Kahneman, Maps of Bounded Rationality.
41. Standing, A Precariat Charter; WDR, Mind, Society, and Behaviour; Klein, Developing Minds.
42. Mead, The New Paternalism.
43. Saint-Paul, The Tyranny of Utility.
44. McMahon, Behavioural Economics as Neoliberalism.
45. Thaler and Sunstein, Nudge, 5.
46. Sunstein, Simplier.
47. Akbulut, Adaman and Madra, Decimation and Displacement; Sanyal, Rethinking Capitalist Development.
48. WDR, Mind, Society, and Behaviour, 53.
49. WDR, Mind, Society, and Behaviour, 36.
50. WDR, Mind, Society, and Behaviour, 120.
51. White, Gaines and Jha, Inner Wellbeing.
52. Samman and Santos, Poor and Dissatisfied?
53. Burchardt, Are One Man’s Rags; Van Praag, Well-Being Inequality and Reference Groups.
54. Alkire and Foster, Understandings and Misunderstandings.
55. White, Introduction.
56. Howell, Global Politics of Medicine.
57. Seligman, Learned Helplessness.
58. Seligman, Flourish.
59. White, Introduction, 14.
60. Howell, Global Politics of Medicine.
61. Easterlin, Does Economic Growth Improve.
62. White, But What Is Wellbeing? 11.
63. White, Gaines and Jha, Inner Wellbeing.
64. Howell, Global Politics of Medicine, 20.
65. New Development Paradigm, NDP Steering Committee and Secretariat.
66. United Nations, Happiness.
67. WDR, Mind, Society, and Behaviour.
68. Biswas-Diener and Patterson, Positive Psychology and Poverty.
69. Howell, Global Politics of Medicine.
70. Mayer, The Dark Side.
71. Seligman, Flourish.
72. Friedli and Stearn, Positive Affect as Coercive Strategy.
73. Schram, In the Clinic.
74. World Health Organisation, Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020, 13; World Health Organisation, Mental Health and Development.
75. Lancet Global Mental Health Group, Scale up Services for Mental Disorders.
76. World Health Organisation, Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020, 8.
77. FundamentalSDG, Call to Action, 1.
78. De Silva and Roland, Mental Health for Sustainable Development, 4.
79. De Silva and Roland, Mental Health for Sustainable Development, 5.
80. World Health Organisation, World Health Report 2001.
81. Patel et al., Treatment and Prevention of Mental Disorders.
82. Fairburn and Patel, Global Dissemination of Psychological Treatments.
83. Howell, Madness in International Relations.
84. Lund et al., Poverty and Mental Disorders.
85. Mills, Global Mindset of Development.
86. Howell, Global Politics of Medicine, 98.
87. Lerner, Activist.
88. Patel et al., Treatment and Prevention of Mental Disorders.
89. Mishra, Risks, Farmers’ Suicides and Agrarian Crisis.
90. Das, Farmers' Suicide in India; Mills, Decolonising Global Mental Health.
91. Perspectives, Harvesting Despair; Sharma, India’s Agrarian Crisis: No End to Farmers Suicides.
92. Patel et al., Treatment and Prevention of Mental Disorders.
93. Patel et al., Treatment and Prevention of Mental Disorders, 50.
94. Marsh and Stoker, Theories and Methods in Political Science, 219.
95. Mills, Decolonizing Global Mental Health.
96. Ingleby, How ‘Evidence-Based’; Mills and Fernando, Globalising Mental Health.
97. Mills, Decolonizing Global Mental Health.
98. Davar, Globalising Psychiatry.
99. World Health Organisation, Report of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia.
100. Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics; Brown, Undoing the Demos; Madra and Adaman, Neoliberal Reason and its Forms.
101. Ferguson, The Uses of Neoliberalism.
102. Brown, Undoing the Demos; Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics.
103. Gershon, Neoliberal Agency.
104. McMahon, Behavioural Economics as Neoliberalism.
105. Barry, Osborne and Rose, Foucault and Political Reason.
106. Rimke and Brock, The Culture of Therapy, 198.
107. Rieff, Freud.
108. Rose, Inventing Ourselves.
109. Rose and Abi Rached, Neuro.
110. Rimke, Governing Citizens through Self-Help Literature.
111. Gershon, Neoliberal Agency.
112. Schram, In the Clinic, 4.
113. Klein, World Bank on Mind.
114. Maldonado-Torres, On the Coloniality of Being, 243.
115. Maldonado-Torres, On the Coloniality of Being; Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Genealogies of Coloniality.
116. Nandy, The Intimate Enemy, xi.
117. Riggs and Augoustinos, Psychic Life of Colonial Power; Hook, Critical Psychology of the Post-Colonial.
118. Loomba, Colonialism / Post-Colonialism.
119. Fernando, Mental Health Worldwide; Teo, Critical Psychology.
120. Igarashi, Role of Critical Psychology in Japan; Gao, Emergence of Modern Psychology in China.
121. Stigler, Schweder and Herdt, Cultural Psychology.
122. Hook, Critical Psychology.
123. Bracken, Thomas and Timimi, Psychiatry Beyond the Current Paradigm, 430.
124. Bracken and Thomas, Postpsychiatry, 260.
125. Escobar, Encountering Development, xiii.
126. Mills, Global Mindset of Development.
127. Mahone, The Psychology of Rebellion.
128. Fanon, Wretched of the Earth.
129. Bulhan, Frantz Fanon and the Psychology of Oppression.
130. Hook, Critical Psychology of the Post-Colonial, 17; Lebeau, Psycho-politics.
131. Hook, Critical Psychology of the Post-Colonial, 18.
132. Howell, Madness in International Relations, 98.
133. Hook, Critical Psychology of the Post-Colonial; Mills, Decolonizing Global Mental Health.