Notes
This period commences with the organization of Mamary (Biton) Kouloubaly's power at Segou and ends with the conquest of Bambara Segou by the Tukulor forces of al‐Hajj Umar. See Louis Tauxier, ‘Chronologie des rois Bambaras’, Outre‐Mer, 2 (1930), pp.119–130, 255–266, p.263, and Histoire des Bambara (Paris, 1942), pp.69–111. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Conference on Islamic Africa : Slavery and Related Institutions, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 1977.
The author is a recent recipient of the Ph.D. in History, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London