Maternal mortality in South region of Brazil: an analysis from 2000 to 2018

Abstract

This study characterises maternal mortality in southern Brazil and verifies its trends between 2000 and 2018. It is an ecological time-series study, analysing secondary data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. The trend of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was calculated using generalised linear regression, and the ratios of the rates according to women's characteristics, with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The MMR in the South region went from 53.4 to 36.8 deaths per 100,000 live births from 2000 to 2018, a reduction trend of 1.2 percentage points per year. Mortality was directly related to increasing age (p < .001) and inversely related to schooling (p < .001) and predominated in non-white women (p < .001). The main cause of death was direct causes, including hypertensive disorders. Despite the reduction trend in maternal mortality in southern Brazil, the MMR observed is constantly above the recommended by the World Health Organisation.

Impact Statement

• What is already known on this subject? The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is an indicator that allows an analysis of women's health in relation to the socio-economic and care characteristics of the region where they live. Between 2000 and 2015, Brazil had presented a high MMR, with around 50 deaths per 100,000 live births, while WHO considers a reasonably adequate MMR of fewer than 20 deaths per 100,000 live births.

• What do the results of this study add? This study updates data about MMR in the Southern Region of Brazil, the one which has the lowest rates in the country, but with variable values between the states. There was a reduction in MMR in southern Brazil between 2000 and 2018 but higher rates for women over 30 years old and in a situation of social vulnerability, as low-income and non-white women. Santa Catarina State presented stable values in the period and remained below the RMM averages of the other states during all years.

• What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Comparing previous and current Maternal Mortality Rates in the regional context is important to adapt public health policies for the most affected population. Maternal death is still a reality for single and low-income women, who have greater difficulty in access to health care. Strategies in the Unified Health System are needed to tackle this problem.

Keywords:

• Maternal mortality
• mortality registries
• causes of death
• time series studies
• epidemiology

Authors contributions

Camila Lehmkuhl de Arruda: Conception of the study, design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data and first version of writing. Approved the final version presented. Responsible for all aspects, ensuring accuracy and integrity. Daniela Ferreira D’Agostini Marin: Analysis and interpretation of data. Relevant critical review of intellectual content. Approved the final version presented. Responsible for all aspects, ensuring accuracy and integrity. Bruna Depieri Michels: Analysis and interpretation of data. Relevant critical review of intellectual content. Approved the final version presented. Responsible for all aspects, ensuring accuracy and integrity.

Vanessa Martins Rosa: Analysis and interpretation of data. Relevant critical review of intellectual content. Approved the final version presented. Responsible for all aspects, ensuring accuracy and integrity. Betine Pinto Moehlecke Iser: Conception and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data. Relevant critical review of intellectual content. Approved the final version presented. Responsible for all aspects, ensuring accuracy and integrity.

Disclosure statement

The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.

Additional information

Funding

Institutional Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Anima Institute.