Ameliorative activity of aqueous leaf extract from Madhuca longifolia against diclofenac-administered toxicity on rat stomach and intestine

ABSTRACT

Madhuca longifolia, a tropical tree used as medicine and food, is known to have a beneficial effect against stomach gastric toxicity. Madhuca longifolia is used in treating cough, skin disease and nerve disorders. Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with overdosage and prolonged use, is known to cause gastric toxicity. Silymarin (SLY), a polyphenolic antioxidant flavonoid, is a derivative of Silybum marianum extracted from milk thistle seeds and fruits, has been widely used in the treatment of gastric ulcer. SLY was used as the standard drug to compare the effects with the Madhuca longifolia aqueous leaf extract treatment. The aim of the current study is to understand the effect of Madhuca longifolia aq. leaf extract on rat stomach and intestine against diclofenac-administered toxicity. Rats (n = 30) were divided into Group I normal control, Group II treated with diclofenac, Group III treated with diclofenac and Madhuca longifolia leaf extract, Group IV treated with diclofenac and silymarin, and Group V was treated with Madhuca longifolia leaf extract alone. After the study duration, rats were euthanized and tissue samples were analyzed for antioxidant, cytokine, protein expression levels and histopathological changes. Diclofenac treated rats had significant (p < 0.05) changes in levels of antioxidants, cytokines, protein expression and pathological changes as compared to rats treated with Madhuca longifolia. This study demonstrated that Madhuca longifolia leaf extract had gastroprotective activity in rats treated with diclofenac.

KEYWORDS:

• Madhuca longifolia
• diclofenac
• NSAID
• silymarin
• cytokines
• protein expression
• histopathology
• ulcer index

Acknowledgements

We thank Professor. P. Jayaraman, Director of Institute of Herbal Botany, Plant Anatomy Research Centre (PARC), Chennai, India for providing the authentication of the plant.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Supplementary material

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Additional information

Funding

The authors thank Vellore Institute of Technology for providing the VIT SEED GRANT and necessary facilities to carry out this research project.