Theory in Recreation and Leisure Research: Reflections from the Editors

Abstract

The evolution and importance of theory in leisure research have been recognized as essential to broaden understandings of leisure. The purpose of this reflective piece is to describe and critique the contributions that theory has made by examining the research documented in American leisure and recreation research journals during the 1990s and projecting those contributions toward the future. From our perspective as individuals associated with Leisure Sciences during the past two years, we provide a review of literature regarding the meanings of theory, note summaries of other studies in our field that have empirically examined theory, compare leisure research from the 1980s to the 1990s, and offer suggestions regarding trends in the future theoretical development of the parks, recreation, leisure, sport, and tourism fields. We also advocate “post approaches” such as postmodernism that may be essential in the next stage of theory evolution.

Keywords:

• concepts
• models
• methods
• structuralism
• postmodernism

Note: Thanks are extended to Edgar Jackson from the University of Alberta and to Leandra Bedini from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro for review comments about this manuscript.

Notes

^a Includes indepth, structured, and telephone.

^b Includes mixed qualitative and/or quantitative.

^c Focus groups, Delphi, nominal group.

^d Content analysis, observations.

^a Includes all articles with two authors from different countries.