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Abstract
As the Wind blows over the ocean surface, the generated waves are the primary factor affecting the microwave backscatter of the remote sensing radar. In addition, there are also some influencing factors, such as rainfall, which is the best-known atmospheric phenomenon. This paper proposes a wind and rain backscatter model whose angle of incidence is from 1 to 6 deg. The model is developed by considering the influence of ocean surface wind, atmospheric rain attenuation, rain volume backscatter and interactions between raindrops and ocean surface. The wind-induced component of the model adopted a quasi-specular theoretical model for the isotropic rough surface of Gaussian statistics. Rain attenuation is expressed as a coefficient of the model, and rain volume backscatter is expressed as a function of the rain volume backscattering coefficient, the thickness of precipitation layer and the incidence angle. Interactions between raindrops and ocean surface are complicated and deduced from the collocated dataset from the Precipitation Radar onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Based on the collocated dataset, the result shows the proposed model can estimate reasonably accurate estimates surface backscatter within wind speeds range from 8 to 18 m s−1.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statememt
The data that support the findings of this study are available in the ERA Interim dataset of ECMWF at http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/ and the PR standard product 2A25 (version 7) at https://pmm.nasa.gov/precipitation-measurement-missions.