Abstract
This systematic review examined extant measures on paternal parenting from infancy to adolescence. This examination was limited to measures with demonstrated reliability and validity. A total of 84 measures that have been validated among infants, children, and adolescents were reviewed. Findings highlighted several issues, including a lack of paternal-specific measures, (in)consistent factor structural patterns for maternal and paternal parenting, measurement (in)variance between developmental periods for paternal parenting, measurement (in)variance between parent- and child self-reports, as well as the cross-cultural applicability of measures. Recommendations for the use and development of measures are discussed.
Acknowledgements
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.