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Abstract
This article explains how command and control operates on board a U.S. nuclear‐powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN). These procedures ensure that nuclear weapons are only firedupon authenticated receipt of authorization from the National Commend Authority. The Fail‐Safe and Risk Reduction Commission in 1992 made a recommendation to “install a use control device on submarine‐launched ballistic missile systems such that it takes a message from an outside source to employ it. “The new system was fully implemented by October 1, 1997.