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Abstract
Membrane fouling is one of the major obstacles for wide applications of MBRs. Over the past decade, the behaviors of colloidal and soluble substances have attracted much attention, and intensive efforts have been dedicated to the clarification of their role in membrane fouling. However, to date, the conclusions are often different and even controversial. The review is attempted to clarify their interrelations and to eliminate some confusions by reviewing the recent literature. The similarities and differences of those potential foulants are analyzed through comparing definitions, extraction methods, fouling indicators, and fouling behaviors. The implications of future research directions are also discussed in this paper.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51008217), the Sino-French scientific and technological cooperation project in the domain of water (Advanced technologies 2011DFA90400), and by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
Notes
a The sum of protein concentration and carbohydrate concentration.
b The sum of protein, SMP, DOM, Solutes, and TEP.
Carbohydrate and humic acid concentration.
a The sum of protein concentration and carbohydrate concentration.
b The sum of protein concentration, carbohydrate and humic acid concentration.
c The value is the organic material of two MBRs for municipal wastewater and the liquid phase organic material of an MBR for landfill leachate treatment can reach about 1241 mgDOC/L.
d Protein concentration ; ND: not described.
a The sum of protein concentration and carbohydrate concentration.