Extraction of carboxin and bensulfuron-methyl using cysteine-functionalized chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles and response surface methodology

ABSTRACT

In the proposed method cysteine-functionalized chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and used as an effective adsorbent for the extraction of carboxin and bensulfuron-methyl. The experiments were performed according to an orthogonal rotatable Box-Behnken design. The results showed that the limits of detection, quantification values, and linear ranges were 0.6, 2.0 µg.L⁻¹, and 2–1000 µgL⁻¹ for carboxin, and 0.3, 1.0 µgL⁻¹, and 1–1000 µgL⁻¹ for bensulfuron-methyl. The proposed method was applied to spiked real samples. The percentage of recovery values (91.53%-98.46%) with low relative standard deviation (≤4.6%) demonstrated excellent repeatability and applicability of this adsorbent to water samples.

Abbreviations: Aminopropyl triethoxysilane, APTES; Box-Behnken design, BBD; Central composite design, CCD; Chitosan, CS; Double-distilled deionized water, DDW; Extraction recovery, ER; Fourier transform infrared, FT-IR; Liquid-Liquid extraction, LLE; Liquid-Solid extraction, LSE; Maximum residue limits, MRL; Magnetic dispersive-solid-phase extraction, MD-SPE; Magnetic nanoparticles, MNPs; Multiple linear regression, MLR; Response surface methodology, RSM; Solid-phase extraction, SPE; Thermal gravimetric analyses, TGA; Tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS; X-ray diffraction, XRD.

KEYWORDS:

• Box-Behnken design
• chitosan
• dispersive solid-phase extraction
• magnetic nanoparticles

Acknowledgements

This work was jointly supported by the Damghan University, Damghan and Golestan University, Gorgan.

Declaration of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Supplementary material

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