Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Reading and Writing Difficulties in Poland

IN POLAND the problem of specific difficulties in learning to read and write was noticed before the Second World War. Multidisciplinary investigations began in the 1950s. Our concepts of special difficulties of reading and writing are based on Luria, Konorski, Tomaszewski and Spionek's theories. Multidisciplinary examinations in diagnosis are employed and a system of therapeutic care is provided which includes small correction‐compensation groups, special grades, the ward for dyslexic children and individual treatment in outpatient clinics. Current work is focussing on the prevention of special learning difficulties.