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Notes
1. An earlier version was presented at the Future of Lifelong Learning and Work conference, OISE/UT, in June 2005. We acknowledge the suggestions of three anonymous reviewers.
2. The notion of ‘recurrent education’ (OECD, Citation1973; Edding, Citation1979) is a temporal reorganization of formal learning opportunities, which recognizes that a right to formal education can be earned by working for the community.
3. The EJRM project has been funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Information on this project is available at the CSEW Website (www.oise.utoronto.ca/csew). We thank Meredith Lordan, Sandia Officer, Marion Radsma, Johanna Weststar and Olivia Wilson of CSEW, who carried out the case study interviews.
4. Decisions to act or to abstain from action are no different in principle.
5. Average hours of estimated total informal learning and of job-related learning, respectively.
6. Polanyi's term ‘tacit knowledge’ should be extended to include abilities.
7. Polanyi used the term ‘skill’ but this word lacks agreed definition, and in common usage refers either to a particular attribute or to a level of education.