Life history characteristics and alarm calling in Australian arid-zone birds

ABSTRACT

In prey species, it is often the case that individuals give alarms when they are threatened. In birds, such signals are frequently vocal signals that alert conspecifics to the presence of a threat. The responses to these calls by receivers may include fleeing to cover or approaching to mob the predator. Although most birds do give alarm calls when threatened, not all species do. We used Australian arid-zone bird species (n = 171) to test the hypothesis that alarm calling behaviour is determined by ecological, behavioural, and morphological characteristics. Eighty-nine percent of birds analysed possessed an alarm call, highlighting the prevalence of this behaviour. Our study found three variables – number of food types eaten, mobility, and breeding system – that were associated with predicting alarm calling behaviour in these species. The correspondence of alarm calling with these key life history attributes provides insight into benefits of having alarm calls and the evolutionary processes that have given rise to this behaviour.

KEYWORDS:

• Alarm calling
• Australian birds
• arid zone
• life history traits
• predictor variables

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Richard Loyn for assistance with the methods used for creating the species list. Thanks also to Andrea Griffin and Diane Brunton for comments given on a previous version of this manuscript. Thank you to Stephen Garnett for providing information on the comprehensive Australian bird database.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in the La Trobe University FigShare repository at https://doi.org/10.26181/5fdfe8912b098.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2104735

Additional information

Funding

This work was funded by La Trobe University.