Social presence and online discussions: a mixed method investigation

ABSTRACT

Researchers have been investigating social presence in online learning for decades. However, despite this continued research, questions remain about the nature and development of social presence. The purpose of this mixed method exploratory case study was to investigate how social presence is established in online discussion forums in an asynchronous online course. The results suggest that social presence is more complicated than previously thought. In particular, situational variable such as group size, instructional task, and previous relationships influence how social presence is established and maintained in online courses. In the following paper, we report the results of our inquiry and the implications for further research and practice.

KEYWORDS:

• social presence
• text-based discussions
• asynchronous online discussions
• community of inquiry
• mixed method

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Patrick R. Lowenthal

Patrick R. Lowenthal is an associate professor in the Department of Educational Technology at Boise State University. He specializes in designing and developing online learning environments. His research focuses on how people communicate using emerging technologies—especially issues of presence, identity, and community—in online learning environments.

Joanna C. Dunlap

Joanna C. Dunlap is an associate professor of instructional design and technology at the University of Colorado Denver. Joni is also a faculty fellow in the university’s Center for Faculty Development. Joni’s research revolves around faculty development and professional learning; the preparation of design professionals; and postsecondary education.