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ABSTRACT
Objectives
Agitation and aggression are common following traumatic brain injury. The challenges related to these disorders affect all stages of recovery, from the acute hospital to the community setting. The aim of this literature review is to provide an updated overview of the current state of post-traumatic agitation research.
Methods
We performed a PubMed literature review which included recent confirmatory and novel research as well as classic and historical studies to integrate past and future concepts.
Results
Areas explored include the personal and societal effects of post-traumatic agitation, methods for defining and diagnosing several neurobehavioral disorders, and pathophysiology and management of agitation and aggression. Target areas for future study are identified and discussed.
Discussion
While much progress has been made in understanding post-traumatic agitation, there remain several key areas that require further elucidation to support the care and treatment for people with traumatic brain injury.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Gary L. Hoover
Gary L. Hoover completed his Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation residency at the MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute/Case Western Reserve University. He is currently a physiatrist at the Western Pennsylvania Hospital in Pittsburgh, PA.
Victoria C. Whitehair
Victoria C. Whitehair is the Director of Brain Injury Rehabilitation at the MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute and an Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH.