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Abstract
As a commemoration of the historian Paul Johansen, the notion of North Eastern Europe as a historical region is analyzed through the prism of Estonia and Livonia, and addressed in nine core issues. The survey starts from the central role of Tallinn's archive sources for the research of Baltic commerce and Estonia's role as a commercial and communication center in early medieval history and traces the specific North East European characteristics through the epochs of feudalism and Hansa trade via the early modern “Baltic question”, to the transformation of the region into provinces of the Russian empire. Lastly, the impact of the small nations for Baltic Sea cooperation and the integration into European structures is stressed.