Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, Tea Intake, and Risk of Renal Cell Cancer

Abstract

The relation between coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea intake and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk was analyzed in a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1992 and 2004. Cases were 767 subjects with incident histologically confirmed RCC and controls were 1,534 patients in hospital for acute non neoplastic conditions. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for RCC were computed by multiple logistic regression models, conditioned on study center, sex, and age. Coffee intake (mostly espresso and mocha) was not associated with RCC risk, with an OR of 1.02 (95% CI 0.73–1.43) in drinkers of ≥ 4 cups/day compared with drinkers of < 1 cup/day. The corresponding ORs were 1.34 (95% CI 0.87–2.07) in men and 0.67 (95% CI 0.38–1.18) in women, 1.91 (95% CI 0.85-4.31) in current smokers and 0.74 (95% CI 0.41–1.31) in never smokers, with no trend in risk with dose. No relation was observed with decaffeinated coffee (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.94–2.03 for drinkers compared with nondrinkers) and tea intake (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.59–1.05 for drinkers of ≥ 1 cup/day compared with nondrinkers). No significant heterogeneity was found for coffee intake across strata of age, education, body mass index, and consumption of sugar. This study, based on a large dataset, provides further evidence that coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption are not related to RCC risk.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was conducted with the contribution the Italian Association for Cancer Research, and the Italian League Against Cancer, Carlotta Galeone was supported by a fellowship from AIRC/FIRC. Carlo La Vecchia was a senior follow of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.

The authors wish to thank Mrs. O. Volpato and Dr. M. Cozzi for study coordination, Ms. G. Bessega, L. Zaina, M. Grimaldi, and O. Manganelli for their help in data collection. We are deeply thankful to Drs. A. Garbeglio and D. Maruzzi for their support in identifying cancer cases; Drs. L. Forner, E. Trevisanutto, G. Chiara, G. Tosolini, L. Mele, S. Cametti, P. Ascierto, R. Magri, and R. Di Lauro for providing hospital control patients; and Mrs. M. P. Bonifacino for editorial assistance.

Notes

^a Estimated by multiple logistic regression models conditioned on sex, age, and centre and adjusted for year of interview, education, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and physical activity.

^b Reference category.

^c Continuous term for an increment of 1 cup/day.

^d The sum does not add up to the total because of some missing values.

^a Estimated by multiple logistic regression models conditioned on sex, age, and centre and adjusted for year of interview, education, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and physical activity. Reference category is < 1 cup of coffee/day in each stratum.