Differential Influence of Dietary Soy Intake on the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence Related to HER2 Status

Abstract

The effects of soy products and isoflavone on breast cancer recurrence were compared according to receptor status including epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) with 339 Korean women. Dietary intake of soy foods was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire with 103 food items. Twenty-five patients experienced breast cancer recurrence, 17 patients were HER2 negative, and 8 patients were HER2 positive. Legume intake (mostly from black soybeans) was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer recurrence in HER2 negative cancer patients (HR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13–0.57, P for trend < 0.01), whereas legume intake was positively associated in HER2 positive cancer patients (P for trend = 0.02). In HER2 negative cancer patients, isoflavone was inversely associated with breast cancer recurrence (HR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06–0.89; P for trend = 0.01). Total soy intake was not associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence. In conclusion, overall soy food intake might not affect the risk of cancer recurrence, but high intake of soy isoflavones increased the risk of cancer recurrence in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, further research is needed to confirm these results due to the small number of cancer recurrence events.