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Abstract
Aim: Esophageal cancer (EC) is considered one of the most common types of cancer in the world. High intake of dietary proteins is suggested to increase EC. This study examined associations between intake of red meats, processed meat, poultry, and fish and the risk of EC.
Methods: This hospital-based Case–Control study included 96 people with EC and 187 people without EC from Bojnurd, Iran. Socio-demographic data was collected from all participants at enrollment using general information questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a significant association between the consumption of beef (P = 0.04), processed meats (sausages) (P = 0.01), and chicken with skin (P = 0.001) with the risk of EC.
Conclusion: We observed a positive association between red meat, processed meats (sausages), chicken with skin and the risk of EC. The use of lamb meat and fish had no significant association with the risk of EC.
Acknowledgments
This article is adapted from a research project approved by North of Khorasan University of Medical Sciences –Bojnurd, Iran (Grant Number: 91.P.586). All colleagues in this university are warmly appreciated for their immense support and contribution.
Disclosure Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Hadi Mohammad Doust
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Ali Ahmadi
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Andishe Hamedi
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Jamileh Rahimi
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Mahbobe Ghasemi
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Hoda Hamidi
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Maryam Gholamalizadeh
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Saeid Doaei
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.
Hossein Lashkardoost
Seyed-Javad Pournaghi: Study concept and design. Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri: Study concept and design. Hadi Mohammad Doust: Study concept and design. Ali Ahmadi: Statistical analysis. Andishe Hamedi: Study supervision, data analysis, interpretation of the data and revise manuscript. Jamileh Rahimi: Data gathering. Mahbobe Ghasemi: Data gathering. Hoda Hamidi: Data gathering. Maryam Gholamalizadeh: Data analysis. Saeid Doaei: Data analysis. Hossein Lashkardoost: Study supervision, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation of the data. Also revise manuscript.