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Abstract
Background: Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association of DPI and benign breast diseases (BBD). Our study aimed to compare DPI in patients with BBD and the control group.
Subjects: This is a case–control study of 115 subjects with BBD and 116 healthy women attending the Iranian Center for Breast Cancer affiliated with Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research. Energy-adjusted DPI was calculated based on data collected from 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, physical activity, and anthropometric measures such as body weight, height, and waist circumference were determined.
Results: After adjustment for age, estrogen therapy, family history of breast disease, intake of dietary supplement, menopause status, waist circumference and physical activity, the odds ratio (OR) of BBD across the energy-adjusted DPI quartiles decreased significantly (OR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.12–0.93) (P‑trend = 0.02).
Conclusion: We found that higher DPI score is related to lower BBD OR. This simple method may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent BBD.
Disclosure Statement
There is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.
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Notes on contributors
Gity Sotoudeh
GS designed the initial idea of this work, which was further developed by ZSH and SA. GS and ZSH and SA coordinated the study. MQ advised on statistical analysis. ZT and AA and SA and FA organized participant management and data collection. GS and SA drafted the manuscript. The manuscript has been read and approved by all authors.