![Sample our Health and Social Care journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5938/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Health-Social-Care.jpg"})
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate nutritional and immunological status of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in a little-studied population from developing country, Pakistan. Data on 81 CRC patients and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were collected on nutritional status, nutrient intake, percent body fat (%BF), selected immunological parameters, phytochemical index (PI), healthy eating index (HEI), and prognostic nutrition index (PNI). Blood samples were used for immunological and antiradical defense potential (expressed as 50% hemolysis time; HT50). Results show 40/81 (49.4%) patients reported weight loss in past 3–6 mo, Significant differences were found in HEI values between patients vs. HCs, and between patients in low vs. high PNI groups (P, for all trends <0.05). Patients in the higher PNI group were heavier, had higher % BF, higher energy intake, and higher PI score as compared to patients in the low PNI group (P < 0.05). Low PNI was positively associated with non-significantly lower CD4:CD8 ratios, higher B-cells and NK cells (P, for all trends >0.05), but with significantly higher hs-CRP levels, and lower HT50 values (P, for all trends <0.001). In conclusion, CRC patients in a little-studied population have compromised nutritional and immunological health with lower HEI and PNI scores.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for funding this research group No.1439-78.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Ifitikhar Alam
IA and WA initiated and designed the study. WA collected the field data and blood samples in supervision of IA. WA performed laboratory analysis, and SR and MA helped in laboratory analysis of the blood samples. IA, GA, MA, and NS performed the statistical analysis. IA, GA and MA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the critical revision and editing of the manuscript. IA supervised the study and is the guarantors. The corresponding authors attest that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.
Wajid Alam
IA and WA initiated and designed the study. WA collected the field data and blood samples in supervision of IA. WA performed laboratory analysis, and SR and MA helped in laboratory analysis of the blood samples. IA, GA, MA, and NS performed the statistical analysis. IA, GA and MA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the critical revision and editing of the manuscript. IA supervised the study and is the guarantors. The corresponding authors attest that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.
Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
IA and WA initiated and designed the study. WA collected the field data and blood samples in supervision of IA. WA performed laboratory analysis, and SR and MA helped in laboratory analysis of the blood samples. IA, GA, MA, and NS performed the statistical analysis. IA, GA and MA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the critical revision and editing of the manuscript. IA supervised the study and is the guarantors. The corresponding authors attest that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.
Nitin Shivappa
IA and WA initiated and designed the study. WA collected the field data and blood samples in supervision of IA. WA performed laboratory analysis, and SR and MA helped in laboratory analysis of the blood samples. IA, GA, MA, and NS performed the statistical analysis. IA, GA and MA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the critical revision and editing of the manuscript. IA supervised the study and is the guarantors. The corresponding authors attest that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.
Suhail Razak
IA and WA initiated and designed the study. WA collected the field data and blood samples in supervision of IA. WA performed laboratory analysis, and SR and MA helped in laboratory analysis of the blood samples. IA, GA, MA, and NS performed the statistical analysis. IA, GA and MA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the critical revision and editing of the manuscript. IA supervised the study and is the guarantors. The corresponding authors attest that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.