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Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive form of brain tumor. Despite the current treatment methods, the survival rate of patients is very low. Therefore, there is a need to develop new therapeutic agents. The migration and invasion capacity of GB cells is related to mesenchymal transition (MT) mechanism.
Materials and Methods
The effect of OLE on MT was determined by analysis of the Twist, Snail, Zeb1, N-cadherin and E-cadherin genes in the EMT mechanism. The effect of OLE on cell migration was determined by wound healing test.
Results
2 mg/ml OLE reduced Twist, Snail, Zeb1 and N-cadherin expression and the combination of OLE + TMZ (2 mg/ml OLE + 350 mM TMZ) increased E-cadherin and reduced Twist, Zeb1 and N-cadherin. In addition, co-treatment with OLE increased TMZ-induced anti-invasion properties thought suppressing transcription factors of MT mechanism.
Conclusion
OLE can enhance the anti-MT activities of TMZ against GB and provide strong evidence that combined treatment with OLE and TMZ has the potential to be an effective alternative approach in GB therapy.
Disclosure statement
All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (name of institute/committee) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
“For this type of study formal consent is not required.”
Authors contribution
Conception and design: Melis Mutlu, Berrin Tunca. Acquisition of data: Melis Mutlu, Secil Ak Aksoy, Cagla Tekin. Analysis and interpretation of data: Melis Mutlu, Berrin Tunca, Secil Ak Aksoy. Drafting the article or revising: Melis Mutlu, Berrin Tunca, Secil Ak Aksoy, Cagla Tekin. Final approval of the manuscript: Melis Mutlu, Berrin Tunca, Unal Egeli, Cecener Gulsah.