Comparative Study on the Biological Effects of Sodium Citrate-Based and Apigenin-Based Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract

The apigenin is a bioactive flavonoid mostly found in fruits and vegetables that possess various biological activities. The current study was performed to compare the biological potentials of sodium citrate-based (SC-SNPs) and apigenin-based (AP-SNPs) synthesized silver nanoparticles under the in vitro and in vivo conditions. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were physically and chemically characterized. The anticancer, pro-apoptotic, and their anti-bacterial activities were determined. Further, the mice trial was conducted to determine the possible toxic effects of the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The result of particle size analysis revealed the nanometer sizes of the SC-SNPs and AP-SNPs were about 95.5 and 93.94 nm, respectively. Both nanoparticles indicated pseudo-spherical shape, homogenous dispersion with an appropriate good degree of stability. However, the anticancer potential, pro-apoptotic effects and antibacterial activity of AP-SNPs were higher than that of SC-SNPs. Moreover, the mice trial indicated that AP-SNPs improved the liver function through modulation of liver enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) as compared to the mice received AP-SNPs during 30 day experiment. Consequently the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using apigenin as reducing bioactive compound may result in production of silver nanoparticles with enhanced anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Graphical Abstract

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Author Contributions

Study design and experimental work was by M. Zarei under the supervision of E. Karimi and E. Oskoueian. The invitro and invivo study were carried out by M. Zarei, A. Es-Haghi and ME. Taghavizadeh Yazdi. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

The authors are grateful to the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad Branch for the laboratory facilities.