Dietary Intake as Determinant Nongenetic Factors to Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Staging Progression: A Study in South Sulawesi Population, Indonesia

Abstract

Reports from various population-based studies indicate that the incidence of colorectal cancer may be strongly affected by dietary patterns of the respective populations. The nature of dietary patterns of specific Indonesia population on the risk of colorectal cancer might differ from previously published data with the global population. Therefore, we conducted a study where the dietary pattern in colorectal cancer patient cohorts was compared to age- and population-matched control. We documented 89 colorectal cancer cases and among 173 individuals from the South Sulawesi population. A series of logistic regression and Fisher’s exact tests were utilized to test associations of dietary intakes and colorectal cancer risk as well as colorectal cancer staging. Our data demonstrate that vegetable (p-value = 8.70 × 10⁻²⁶, OR = 0.49) and fruit (p-value = 7.59x10⁻⁵, OR = 0.70) intakes are associated with the reduced risk of colorectal cancer incidence. Conversely, acidic food, reheated food, meat, spicy food, and alcohol are associated with the increment case of cancer. Moreover, meat intake (p-value < 0.01) shows a significant association with cancer staging progression. Common dietary pattern is a determinant aspect to the colorectal cancer incidence as well as its staging progression.

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge Bina Nusantara University, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology (MRIN) and Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, for joint-funding this study.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author’s Contributions

IN contributed to interpreting and expanding theory according to the analyzed data. AB, BM, and AAH conducted data computation and data analysis. KP structured the content. BP supervised and verified the results of this work. All authors actively discussed the final results and contributed accordingly to the manuscript writing.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported jointly by Bina Nusantara University, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology (MRIN), and Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.